In 2002 the Department of Health announced a fundamental change to the way in which NHS hospitals in England are paid for the work they do. Under this new system - Payment by Results (PbR) - hospitals are reimbursed for the activity they carry out using a tariff of fixed ...
How are top-ups distinct from other charges in the NHS and why have they become such a contentious issue now? This briefing gives some background on the relevant legislation and guidance in this area. [Introduction]